a) It is a content theory of motivation. AC78.6 ac midterm examinations theories. Once satisfied, we focus on our ego and esteem needs. He refers to these factors as satisfiers to reflect their ability to provide satisfying experiences. c) It can vary across cultures. b.) All of the following descriptions of Maslow's needs hierarchy are correct EXCEPT: a. A lot of fishing, no fish, and no results equal failure! Matching b. Verifiability c . We will always satisfy our need for water before we satisfy our social needs; water needs have prepotency over social needs. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth, 64. Barton, Tynan. a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals Herzberg considered job duties that lead to feelings of achievement and recognition to be motivators. This process was adopted and provided a safer and more efficient way to maintain and clean New York City's sprawling subway. a) felt negative inequity e) organizational justice, ___________ is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy. Further, the evidence accumulated provided only partial support. e) Esteem, Sharon, a member of a book club, a sewing club, and a tennis club strives to maintain strong interpersonal relationships. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. benzodiazepines e. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. To be seen and heard. Busi 240 Liberty University Quiz 3BUSI 240 Quiz 2. a) expectancies b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. d) Motivation-hygiene theory Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. c) valence is high and expectancy and instrumentality are low Clayton Alderfer observed that very few attempts had been made to test Maslows full theory. Maslows theory is still popular among practicing managers. a) ERG theory collapses Maslow's five need levels into two need categories. a) Positive inequity That means giving them opportunities to learn new skills, to perform their jobs without interference, and to develop meaningful relationships with other customers and employees in other departments. relation to the euro, what is the Furthermore, since meeting these needs does not provide satisfaction, Herzberg concludes that they do not motivate workers. and more. e) an employee's responsibility to develop need profiles required for success in their respective manager's jobs, b) possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs. b) Task feedback, or knowledge of results, is likely to motivate people toward higher performance by encouraging the setting of higher performance goals. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. Jobs that pay well and that are performed in safe, clean working conditions with adequate supervision and resources directly or indirectly satisfy these lower-order needs. d.) Goal setting A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like All of the following are reasons to examine criminological theories of crime EXCEPT ______., A criminal justice professional who does not understand criminal justice research is comparable to a ______., Criminological theories are all of the following EXCEPT ______. c. reorganizing experience. c) Expectancy b) organizational policies and administration. c) Expectancy A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. Placing a company in a larger context and adding a second, higher purpose than the established company goals motivates employees to police the company itself to be a better global citizen. c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. b) perceived positive inequity e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem, d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, 63. a. The twenty-one Nursing Problems C. Restorative Care Needs D. Therapeutic Self-care Demands To vindicate the ego. A latent need cannot be inferred from a persons behavior at a given time, yet the person may still possess that need. e. Carl Jung. Lastly, the aspiration component of the ERG model notes that, by its very nature, growth is intrinsically satisfying. A high social power seeker satisfies needs for power by influencing others, like the personal power seeker. The Anti-Immigration Protests Q9 - All of the following are policy/program implications from rational theories EXCEPT: One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. 60. d) Clayton Alderfer e) ERG theory focuses on the consequences of an individual's behavior, whereas Maslow's theory does not. c.) Expectancy How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. Job enrichment is one effective strategy; this frequently entails training and rotating employees through different jobs, or adding new challenges. The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or other parties) that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties. Automation has eliminated many such jobs, but they are still numerous. d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. Theory choice. Creative Commons Attribution License Over time the hobby becomes less fun and is done in order to receive extrinsic rewards (money). Q9 - Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included all of the following EXCEPT: The Drug War. Although the New Yorkbased company is still growing, as of October 2017 Bombas had donated more than four million pairs of socks (Bombas 2017). To master, manipulate, or organize physical objects, human beings, or ideas. But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. They simply dont exert as much effort in this area as high-nAff people do. Maslow was a psychologist who, based on his early research with primates (monkeys), observations of patients, and discussions with employees in organizations, theorized that human needs are arranged hierarchically. d. through the insights of clinicians d Transpersonal psychology's founders include all of the following except: a. Abraham Maslow b. John Krumboltz c. Stanislav Grof. e.) Inducement. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. Manifest needs theory assumes that human behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy needs. c) Do your best c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. Match leadership to the conditions at hand. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence According to Maslow, lower-order needs are: The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. d. Appraisal of the empirical evidence for and against the selected theory for the case at hand. b) difficult goals frustrate workers Needs must be maintained (we must continue to eat occasionally). d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. Second, once we have satisfied a need, it ceases to motivate us. Question 17:- Managerial implications for the SDT theory include: a) to motivate high performance for uninteresting jobs make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. d) valences Find the amount of interest that could be earned in a savings account and a certificate of deposit account. Hygiene needs, on the other hand, must be met to avoid dissatisfaction (but do not necessarily provide satisfaction or motivation).15. d. goal-setting theory. d.) self-actualization e) What work environment will suit an employee's personality better, b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior, 62. e) relatedness, According to McClelland, someone with a high need for _________ is drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. d) 28 b) Hierarchy of needs theory e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. c. contingency. What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals Rays beginning and ending accounts receivables balances are $147,990 and$142,720, respectively. When a person is behaving in a way that satisfies some need, Murray called the need manifest. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. The third of McClellands learned needs, the need for power (nPow), is the need to control things, especially other people. Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? Good pay by itself will only make the employee neutral toward work; to attain satisfaction, employees need challenging job duties that result in a sense of achievement. Ans: e Page: 102 Accounting for the imputed interest on a noninterest bearing note receivable is an example of what aspect of accounting theory? c) Expectancy Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. It reflects a motivation to influence and be responsible for other people. First, when a need has been energized, we are motivated to satisfy it. e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. To exclude, abandon, expel, or remain indifferent to an inferior object. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors are the sources of job satisfaction? A need is a human condition that becomes "energized" when people feel deficient in some respect. Biology questions and answers. ) Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? Kohlberg's theory of moral development Piaget's stages of cognitive development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development __________ is classified as a process theory. Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. Factors inside the person that cause people to perform tasks, intrinsic motivation, arise out of performing a task in and of itself, because it is interesting or fun to do. a) Self-actualization In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. 2017. Giving Back. https://bombas.com/pages/giving-back, Knowledge @ Wharton. d) ERG theory provides a timeline for action, but Maslow's theory does not. Or she may not be in the proper environment to solicit behaviors to satisfy the need. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth existence d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time c) instrumentality Solve the application problem involving cash and trade discounts. To please and win affection of a coveted object. insight therapies a. Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. b.) a. Hygiene factors are not directly related to the work itself (job content). c) Procedural justice Job enrichment programs are among the many direct results of his research. A. Hierarchy-of-needs B.Two-factor motivation C. Achievement motivation D. Equit y The text focuses on three content theories that have received the greatest amount of attention: the hierarchy-of-needs theory, the two-factor motivation theory, and the achievement motivation theory. a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. b) sense of achievement. a) existence factors Otherwise, a manager high in nPow may satisfy this need through acquisition of personal power, to the detriment of the organization. Can't attend? Maslow believed that most people become fixated at this level. b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. Orem believes there are two types of human beings: those who need nursing care and those who produce it. At the end of the pilot, 95 percent of the employees reported that they felt the program had contributed to employee engagement, team building, and environmental stability. It is critical, however, that those managerial jobs allow the employee to satisfy the nPow through social power acquisition. b) Hierarchy of needs theory Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices Practice of loving kindness and equanimity (self-control/composure) within context of caring consciousness That is, we are motivated by intrinsic rewards, rewards that we more or less give ourselves. d) Hygiene factors contribute to job satisfaction. This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). a) Acquired needs then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. Pump I is a small pump; Pump 2 is a larger pump that costs more, will produce slightly more oil, and will produce it more rapidly. When we sense that we are valuable contributors, are achieving something important, or are getting better at some skill, we like this feeling and strive to maintain it. How does this pay structure relate to self-determination theory (SDT)? The individual level does not impact the group level. d) Cells are made up of similar shapes, colors, and sizes. d) goals that are easily stated in objective terms. a) Specific goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are no goals or vague or very general ones. Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. a) Existence A high-nPow person may try to convince others to do things that are detrimental to the organization. In Maslow's needs hierarchy, __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and so on. Content theories explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. One wonders if athletes like Tim Tebow are self-actualizing when they participate in multiple sporting endeavors at the professional level. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy. Match each vocabulary term to its definition. b) Esteem Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). 3. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. a) power. b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior To avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death. According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be satisfied before high-level needs can be achieved. content theories include all of the following theories except: gaisano grand mall mission and visionjuin 29, 2022 There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. b) changing the outcomes received. e) inducements. d) Motivation-hygiene theory ______________ is classified as a content theory. c.) relatedness Even if the virtues in different cultural contexts have the same name, like "honesty" or "justice," they may well be different in their essential content. a) expectancies a) only one need may be activated at the same time Extrinsic motivation increases as intrinsic motivation decreases! Which of the following statements accurately describes Herzberg's hygiene factors? The implications of Maslows theory for organizational behavior are as much conceptual as they are practical. d) specific goals lead to lower performance b) Instrumentality c.) Teachable a.) a) work itself. b) instrumentalities The Victims' Rights Movement. a) ERG theory To better understand the nAch motive, its helpful to describe high-nAch people. That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. A kind of mirroring of clients' statements. For each pair of socks purchased, the company donates a pair of socks to someone in need (Mulvey 2017). Skills-based math and English classes help develop reasoning skills, while textbook exercises ensure long-term mastery of each. b) improved working conditions One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. Theyre constantly trying to accomplish something. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Other needs take over and we endeavor to satisfy them. Needs can also be satisfied at some point but become active (dissatisfied) again. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Rather, hygienes refer to job context factors (pay, working conditions, supervision, and security). c) Esteem So, when is this need good, and when is it bad? Any discussion of needs that motivate performance would be incomplete without considering Abraham Maslow.8 Thousands of managers in the 1960s were exposed to Maslows theory through the popular writings of Douglas McGregor.9 Today, many of them still talk about employee motivation in terms of Maslows theory. a) MBO d) Existence, relatedness, and goals A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner, posits that humans can possess eight different types of intelligence: musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Why or why not? The Promotion contains a game of chance . Employees who continuously have to be told how to do their jobs require an overly large management team, and too many layers of management spell trouble in the current marketplace. McClelland describes three major characteristics of high-nAch people: Why is nAch important to organizational behavior? a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. According to Alderfer, which needs reflect a desire for satisfying interpersonal relationships? Exam will be online Sunday, May 14, 2023 a) achievement d) hygiene factors e) working longer hours. a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization David C. McClelland and his associates (especially John W. Atkinson) built on the work of Murray for over 50 years. The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________. Why or why not? See Answer. Maslows theory differs from others that preceded it because of this hierarchical, prepotency concept. e) relatedness factors. In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. Employees with high nPow can be beneficial to organizations. d) power b) ERG theory includes a frustration-digression component, but Maslow's theory does not. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. To revenge an injury. To answer this question, we must examine types of motivation. A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. psychopharmacology j. b) It is best known through the work of J. Stacy Adams. a) Reinforcement A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT: Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. That means that the employer should help employees satisfy lower-order needs like safety and security and social needs. (Points : 1) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. individual. Skip to document . According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: e) Motivation, If the average worker can produce 25 ornaments an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance? a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence evolution, theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. 59. e. acquired-needs theory. To take precautionary measures. Again, there are no easy answers. d. Ken Wilbur. c) procedural justice e) assumed negative inequity, According to equity theory, which of the following exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively more than others have received? Successful managers tend to be high in this type of nPow. Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? 47. An employee who is often talkative, gives orders, and argues a lot is motivated by the need for power over others. They feel personally responsible for completing whatever tasks they are assigned. To speculate, formulate, analyze, and generalize. 61. The uncollectible percentage is 5.5%. d) It is more effective in non-United States cultures. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. As a manager at Icon International, Nicole is driven by a personal sense of competence, respect from others, and recognition through various awards. d) working conditions. Apparently, people dont go through the five levels in a fixed fashion. e) Interactional justice. When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. To oppose forcefully or punish another. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Physiological, safety and social needs are __________ according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. According to Maslow, Sharon is driven by which these needs? Unilever employees more than 170,000 workers globally and has an employ engagement level around 80 percent. Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation 67. To draw near and enjoyably cooperate or reciprocate with an allied other (another who resembles the subject or who likes the subject). b) self esteem The unique feature of Herzbergs theory is that job conditions that prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction. The task is enjoyable, so we continue to do it even in the absence of extrinsic rewards. the amount of effort a person puts forth. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. b) Social Maslow condensed human needs into a manageable set. To snub or jilt an object. 51. Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters. c) Little research has been conducted. They accept credit for success and blame for failure. Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance. Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). Job context factors include all of the following except. Intrinsic rewards satisfy higher-order needs like relatedness and growth in ERG theory. Do you think social responsibility to promote sustainable practices? e) equity, Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool is a free Christian homeschool curriculum for grades K-12. A problem often discussed in the engineering economy literature is the "oil-well pump problem." a) Abraham Maslow e) 40, Locke and Latham goal-setting research found that __________. b. 36. Herzbergs theory has made lasting contributions to organizational research and managerial practice. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. They constantly ask how they are doing, sometimes to the point of being a nuisance. SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. Pattern B. Rhythmicity C. Dependency D. Open system Answer Key 3. To master or make up for a failure by restriving. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. These precepts from SDT are entirely consistent with earlier discussions of theories by McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg. __________ is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that a person is responsible for accomplishing. Herzberg also refers to these factors as dissatisfiers because they are frequently associated with dissatisfied employees. The need for achievement varies in intensity across individuals.
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