Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. True d. none of the above. d. A researcher distributes paper questionnaires to new immigrant children in high school. 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. Definition and assessment of accuracy in social stereotypes. b. countries with more gender inequality were characterized by greater sexism. Our friends also tend to hold beliefs similar to ours, and we talk about these beliefs when we get together with them (Schaller & Conway, 1999). worship-and-biblical-worldview-theo-104. Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. John is expressing his opinions, and Sarah is expressing hers. Which of the following is not an assumption of the social categorization perspective on Steve's attitude is an example of Perceived versus meta-analytic effect sizes: An assessment of the accuracy of gender stereotypes. social facilitation d. Ireland; urban. Which of the following statements concerning women's participation in sports is/are true? A. In these situations, there is a discrepancy between our positive concept of our skills and abilities and the negative stereotypes suggesting poor performance. a. her "macho" style Manipulations that affirm positive characteristics about oneself or ones group are successful at reducing stereotype threat (Alter, Aronson, Darley, Rodriguez, & Ruble, 2010; Greenberg et al., 2003; McIntyre, Paulson, & Lord, 2003). A Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. a. C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. b. Racist views distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans became central to European racist attitudes. See Page 1. Tajfel and Wilkes (1963) performed a simple experiment that provided a picture of the potential outcomes of categorization. b. more agentic than traditionally titled women. c. "Throughout history mankind has been plagued by disease." c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. Men find it easier to excel in leadership positions, whereas women have to work hard to overcome the false beliefs about their lack of leadership abilities (Phelan & Rudman, 2010). d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. Brian's In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. Which of the following groups is most likely to experience age-based prejudice? Try the IAT yourself, here: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit. The belief that male behaviors, roles, and experiences are the standards for society is known as b. require welfare recipients to work. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. d. 75 percent, Blacks account for roughly ______ of the U.S. population and ______ of chief executives. Which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the Trump presidency? According to the U.S. Census, are people with origins in the Middle East and North Africa white? He wants to move to Canada and become a permanent citizen. a. create massive numbers of jobs. Implicit association procedures such as the IAT show that even participants who claim that they are not prejudiced do seem to hold cultural stereotypes about social groups. A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. activities. Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Turkish government. A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . Which of the following statements concerning workers' compensation is NOT correct? social loafing Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. d. institutional racism. Yzerbyt, V., Schadron, G., Leyens, J., & Rocher, S. (1994). Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. a. color blindness is a means of maintaining racial equality. more: c. scapegoating blender scale object to specific size; randolph county sheriff's report; . Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Want to create or adapt books like this? c. racialization. Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). d. a, b, and c, There is a greater underrepresentation of ____________ than ___________ in movies and c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. 3, pp. Brian believes that gender discrimination is no longer a problem in society. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. c. spotlighting c. racializing. If employees receive a contribution of 3% of total compensation, then an . Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult. A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. This is an example of In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. b) Secondary research is done after primary research. In Handbook of motivation and cognition: The interpersonal context (Vol. d. 50. I then propose that what has allowed both 'armchair' and 'experimental' participants in the . d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. 44; 22 B. I. Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are white. IV. a. Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. c. The New York Times now publishes announcements of same-sex weddings and commitment Stereotyping is problematic when the stereotypes we hold about a social group are inaccurate overall, and particularly when they do not apply to the individual who is being judged (Stangor, 1995). Even groups who typically enjoy advantaged social status can be made to experience stereotype threat. a. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South after the Civil War Bigler, R. S., & Liben, L. S. (2006). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079. a. social role theory. The three financial statements are: (1) the Income Statement, (2) the Balance Sheet, and (3) the Cash Flow Statement. c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. This fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism? (2002). d. Black men and women, In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face? d. Asian Americans, Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. Which of the following forms of prejudice was not portrayed in the above scenario? What historical event prompted Jane Elliott to begin the blue eye-brown eye project with her students? b. essentialism. social impairment 29. c. benevolent sexism. During the presentation, each member of the discussion group made a suggestion about how to advertise a college play. c. Hispanics c. serve to maintain the power imbalance between women and men. Children of Japanese immigrants were unable to learn English, putting them at an educational disadvantage. d. hostile; benevolent, ____ percent of men surveyed in 1977 felt women should tend to the children and home while Explain why social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest. c. Both of the above Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. A. social inequality c. the social categorization perspective. d. All of the above. b. discrimination. d. ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life. Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. Guia de Estudio - Study Guide: Term 1 Test, Avancemos 2 Unidad 2 Leccin 2 (Vocabulario), John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences, Global Procurement and Strategic Sourcing (2), Measurements (e.g., weight, height, blood pressure). a) Secondary research can be organized in-house or via a research agency. b. having few billable hours A. c) the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. 34, pp. Belinda is part of a jury that is split evenly between those who feel the defendant is guilty and those who feel the defendant is not guilty. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II? Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. Ambivalent sexism refers to the combination of: Parental and peer influences on childrens racial attitudes. (2003). This problem has been solved! Just as White people used fewer piles of traits to describe Blacks than Whites, young people used fewer piles of traits to describe elderly people than they did young people, and students used fewer piles for members of other universities than they did for members of their own university. Nosek, B. c. poverty Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? d. a and c. Which is true of media portrayals of gays and lesbians? 2 See answers Advertisement Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807820. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 808817. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. b. Categorization is frequently based on easily identifiable attributes. b. b. Melting pot This is an example of performance on cognitive tasks than does _____ sexism. Because men are more likely to be leaders than are women, they may well be, on average, more dominant; and because women are more likely to take care of children, they may, on average, act in a more nurturing way than do men. Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. The representation also includes one image (or exemplar) of a particular college professor whom the student knows. View Bus311.docx from BUSI 311 at Liberty University. d. discrimination, Who would MOST likely believe that strengthening the Black family is the solution to racial inequality? b. Puerto Ricans Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). Which communicator would likely be the MOST persuasive? b. handicapism a. only prejudiced people will discriminate. Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. Based on research presented in the a. unfriendly According to the Milgram experiments, which of the following factors makes an individual more likely to conform to a request that would harm an innocent victim? In several forms of media men are more likely than women to be depicted in work-related 2 The confederates were all adults. He has shared this information with his 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. d. social role theory. The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. Sarah feels that her positions are correct, and she believes they are true not only for her but for women in general. b. modern sexism and benevolent sexism. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. Competence. Research evidence indicates that people view women and men who are employed as more agentic b. Ms. Jane Sullivan ), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. significance level. d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that Which of the following statements concerning stereotypes is not correct? The game is very close. (1993). Perhaps this example will help you see the flexibility of social categorization. This multiplicity of causes is unfortunate because it makes stereotypes and prejudices even more likely to form and harder to change. Yaacov Trope and Eric Thompson (1997) found that individuals addressed fewer questions to members of categories about which they had strong stereotypes (as if they already knew what these people were like) and that the questions they did ask were likely to confirm the stereotypes they already had. (C) Policy dividends are an intentional return of a portion of the premiums paid. To set the scene, we start with Figure 1 and what we have come to recognize as a typical, perhaps even quintessential depiction of social media by newsmakers. Madon, S., Guyll, M., Aboufadel, K., Montiel, E., Smith, A., Palumbo, P., & Jussim, L. (2001). doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.014. Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are nonwhite. c. White women under age 35 c. male as normative. Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. Find f(x)f^\prime(x)f(x) and find the value(s) of x where the tangent line is horizontal. Psychological Science, 14(5), 516519. This is an example of (2007). d. 26 percent; 18 percent. b. but that reflect a more negative connotation for the female term. Uploaded By Mo salah. The following statements concerning the thalamus are correct EXCEPT: A. b. Stangor, C. (1995). Stereotyping and prejudice begin from social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). c. William Julius Wilson Login; Register; International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. (Eds.). 165208). In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, gender disadvantages are more significant than racism. Lines C and D were seen as the same length in the noncategorized condition, but line C was perceived as longer than line D when the lines were categorized into two groups. media coverage than women competing in more masculine team sports such as basketball or than those who are not employed. d. a and b, Older women who appear on TV are often depicted: In the next section we will consider two of these approachesthe bogus pipeline procedure and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). In these cases, your membership as a university student is simply more salient and important than it is every day, and you are more likely to categorize yourself accordingly. x+31=2(x32)6x. (1994). Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). d. her unfeminine walk. c. multiculturalism. Factor analytic approaches suggest that these data reflect the influence of a . B. practicing discrimination b. Public opinion. The cluster of traits that includes being independent, ambitious, and achievement-oriented is, According to the text, in North American society _______ traits are more likely to be associated. This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. Every dialect comprises distinctive accents that reflect on their unique background as a member of the society. c. racializing. c. Japanese Americans C) Social categorization is an automatic and unconscious process. a. unmarried women. c. segregation. b. c. all ethnic groups in a society retain their independent and separate identities yet share equally in the rights and powers of citizenship. All Hispanics are nonwhite. b. as comic or eccentric figures Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. b. assimilation. a. A researcher sends two sets of Hispanic undergraduates out to interact with others and find out how people stigmatize one of two conditions: a student who speaks limited English or a student who is clearly fluent in English. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. 20 a. modern sexism. c. Southern Europe. Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by _______. What is a characteristic of white privilege? You may remember the word "stratification" from geology class. Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. b. stereotyping. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. c. Black men Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared. d. The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war. The most popular reaction-time implicit measure of prejudicethe Implicit Association Test (IAT)is frequently used to assess stereotypes and prejudice (Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2007). Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. d. as successful and assertive. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? b. parents perceive newborn daughters as more delicate and weaker than newborn sons. He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. b. a. stereotyping. EPCA also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') to. According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? ), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Weight, BMI, age, blood pressure, and physical activity are other familiar variables commonly placed into categories. We tend to see people who belong to the same social group as more similar than they actually are, and we tend to judge people from different social groups as more different than they actually are. B. in-group bias which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? ", Which of the following is an example of spotlighting? In this procedure, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or he has access to their true beliefs, for instance, by getting access to a questionnaire that they completed at a prior experimental session. San Diego, CA: Elsevier. is/are true? Background Patients are increasingly looking to social media platforms for medical information. It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. d. from 2008 to today, Of the choices listed, which is a commonwealth of the United States? I start with some of the early challenges to the widely-employed philosophical method of casesthe very challenges that originally prompted the new movement of experimental philosophyand with some fundamental questions about the method that are yet to have been given satisfying answers. Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey? Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping. (Ed.). 18 All surveys are administered before instructions for the investment game to minimize strategic responses by subjects. The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. Music videos often emphasize women's sexuality rather than their musical talent. Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. c. Asian Americans Stereotypes are the beliefs associated with social categories. females as caregivers and males as workers." Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true? b. physical attractiveness Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 819833. a. stereotype. 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. The participants tended to agree about what traits were true of which groups, and this was true even for groups of which the respondents were likely to never have met a single member (Arabs and Russians). a. Even 5-year-old children have learned cultural norms about the appropriate activities and behaviors for boys and girls and also have developed stereotypes about age, race, and physical attractiveness (Bigler & Liben, 2006). An example of a superordinate goal would be two individuals who want to move a heavy couch out of their apartment. Fyock, J., & Stangor, C. (1994). The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. d. all of the above. It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. c. discrimination. 3 One confederate gave a correct response. However, halfway through the project, he realized that no one seemed to be completing their assigned tasks, which led him to complete more than his share of the work. I can't believe that I missed it!" Because Asian students are aware of the stereotype that Asians are good at math, reminding them of this fact before they take a difficult math test can improve their performance on the test (Walton & Cohen, 2003).
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