Dr. David Livingston brings you topics related to business startups and detailed knowledge of business ethics. They removed his heart and buried it under a tree near the spot where he died, which has been identified variously as a mvula tree or a baobab tree but is more likely to be a mpundu tree, as baobabs are found at lower altitudes and in more arid regions. His reputation was rehabilitated by Stanley and his newspaper,[42] and by the loyalty of Livingstone's servants whose long journey with his body inspired wonder. [67][pagesneeded] Livingstone immediately became interested in Sechele, and especially his ability to read. However, one year later one of his ex-wives became pregnant and Sechele was the father. The publication of his last journal revealed stubborn determination in the face of suffering. p.109. Only one of his 44 letter dispatches made it to Zanzibar. Livingstone Kolobeng College, a private secondary school in Gaborone, Botswana. Hannah Cram (42) Mandy Mccarty (28) Chelsea Vick (22) Sandra Hall (20) 16. 395,506 David Livingston Premium High Res Photos Browse 395,506 david livingston stock photos and images available, or search for david livingstone or elizabeth turner to find more great stock photos and pictures. Get your copy today! The first of the Opium Wars (183942) put an end to his dreams of going to China, but a meeting with Robert Moffat, the notable Scottish missionary in southern Africa, convinced him that Africa should be his sphere of service. They left on 10 March, at Freetown collected twelve Kru seafarers to man the river steamer, and reached the Zambezi on 14 May. For other people named David Livingstone, see, Exploration of southern and central Africa, This sentiment today would be expressed along the lines of: "all people, worldwide, are brothers and sisters, despite everything. Read more started his journey behind the camera at age 15 and has documented over 1,000 weddings during his career. During the Holocaust, Nazis referred to Jews as rats. The photos you see here are the digital captures of moments in time as David moves his camera to wondrous effects. . The plan was for both ships to take them up the river to establish bases, but it turned out to be completely impassable to boats past the Cahora Bassa rapids, a series of cataracts and rapids that Livingstone had failed to explore on his earlier travels. [10][23], Livingstone left London on 17 November The section on the massacre itself had only minor grammatical corrections. At age 10 he had to help his family and was put to work in a cotton mill, and with part of his first weeks wages he bought a Latin grammar. [8], Livingstone and Mary were married on 9 January 1845. He was a poor leader of his peers, and he ended up on his last expedition as an individualist explorer with servants and porters but no expert support around him. . Among other reasons, Sechele, by then the leader of the African tribe, did not like the way that Livingstone could not demand rain of his God like his rainmakers, who said that they could. He and his six siblings lived with his parents in one room in a building that housed cotton mill workers. Livingstone questioned him repeatedly about Africa, and as Moffat later recalled; "By and by he asked me whether I thought he would do for Africa. View David Livingston's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Learn about the life and influence of David Livingstone. Before this first parting with his family, Livingstone had already achieved a small measure of fame as surveyor and scientist of a small expedition responsible for the first European sighting of Lake Ngami (August 1, 1849), for which he was awarded a gold medal and monetary prize by the British Royal Geographical Society. On 11 November 2011, Livingstone's 1871 Field Diary, as well as other original works, was published online for the first time by the David Livingstone Spectral Imaging Project. News from and about him during the previous three years had stirred the imagination of English-speaking peoples everywhere to an unprecedented degree. His father was persuaded and, like many other students in Scotland, Livingstone was to support himself, with the agreement of the mill management, by working at his old job from Easter to October, outwith term time. [20][21], Though Livingstone had responded to Gtzlaff's call for missionaries to China, the looming First Opium War made the LMS directors cautious about sending recruits there. His mother, a Lowlander, was descended from a family of Covenanters, a group of militant Presbyterians. A new statue of David Livingstone was erected in November 2005 on the Zambian side of Victoria Falls. David Livingstone's early childhood reads like a Charles Dickens novel, albeit one set in the Scottish Highlands rather than the streets of London. The riverbanks were a war zone, with Portuguese soldiers and their slaves fighting the Chikunda slave-hunters of Matakenya (Mariano), but both sides accepted the expedition as friends.[50][51]. He joined Anderson's University, Glasgow, in 1836, studying medicine and chemistry, as well as attending theology lectures by the anti-slavery campaigner Richard Wardlaw at the Congregational Church College, where he may also have studied Greek. [8] At age fifteen, David left the Church of Scotland for a local Congregational church, influenced by preachers like Ralph Wardlaw, who denied predestinarian limitations on salvation. Thomas, died in Egypt in 1876 at the age of 27 from. This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 04:20. He reached Linyanti nearly a year later on September 11, 1855. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. David Livingstone (n. 19 martie 1813, Blantyre (d), Scoia, Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii i Irlandei - d. 1 mai 1873, Ilala Hill (d), Provincia de Nord, Zambia, Zambia) a fost un medic scoian, misionar protestant i explorator al Africii Centrale i de Est, devenit celebru datorit eforturilor deosebite din timpul vieii i a luptei sale mpotriva sclaviei. They visited and discussed the area called Mabotsa, Botswana,[25] near Zeerust, North West Province, South Africa. "Cameron, Verney Lovett". He was brought up in the Calvinist faith of the Scottish church but later joined an independent Christian congregation. Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. David Duncan Livingston is a professional photographer based in the San Francisco Bay Area. David Livingston Work Experience and Education. [28], The Moffats, accompanied by two new missionary families, reached the Vaal River in January 1844, Livingstone rode out to meet them there, then sat in the Moffats' ox-cart talking with Robert for hours during the seventeen or eighteen days it took to get home to Kuruman. The words are famous because of their perceived humour, Livingstone being the only other white person for hundreds of miles, along with Stanley's clumsy attempt at appearing dignified in the bush of Africa by making a formal greeting one might expect to hear in the confines of an upper-class London club. David Livingstone1813 319 - 1873 51. He has been the photographer of seven books on home design. One Woodrow Wilson Plaza1300 Pennsylvania Ave. NWWashington, DC 20004-3027, Senior Advisor to U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry, 2023 The Wilson Center. A song from American heavy metal band Alcatrazz called Jet to Jet from 1983's No Parole from Rock 'n' Roll contains the lyrics "Dr. Livingstone where are you, when We need you the most" which is in reference to the famed doctor and his expedition to Africa. . David Livingstone Teachers' Training College, Livingstone, Zambia. The ABBA song "What about Livingstone? Agnes (born 1847 or 1857, died 1912; married A.L. Cleanliness 4.6. Like his family, David loved Jesus. Find more info on AllPeople about David Livingston and David Duncan Livingston Photographer, as well as people who work for similar businesses nearby, colleagues for other branches, and more people with a similar name. After the completion of his book, Livingstone spent six months speaking all over the British Isles. At age seven, he asked his parents who Plato and Socrates were. Livingstone resigned from the London Missionary Society in 1857, and in May of that year he was appointed as Her Majesty's Consul with a roving commission, extending through Mozambique to the areas west of it. Featured In LA Cover-to-Cover: The Hollywood Cure for Performance Meltdown: Take Two Aspirin and Call Dr. Livingston Current Workshop EMERGE 119 N. 2nd St., Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814 Monday Evenings at 6:00 Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Leading interior designers select the works for prominent homes from London to Kona. In 1852, after sending his family to Britain, Livingstone travelled north to the village of Linyanti on the Zambezi river, located roughly midway between the east and west coast of the continent, where Sekeletu, chief of the Kololo, granted Livingstone authority as a nduna to lead a joint investigation of trade routes to the coast, with 27 Kololo warriors acting as interpreters and guides. [citation needed], On 15 July 1871,[57] Livingstone recorded in his field diary his immediate impressions as he witnessed around 400 Africans being massacred by Arab slavers at the Nyangwe market on the banks of the Lualaba River, while he was watching next the leading Arab trader Dugumbe who had given him assistance. On 15 March 1841 the ship arrived at Simon's Bay, and for a month while it unloaded and loaded, the three stayed at Cape Town with Mr and Mrs Philip. Dr. David Livingstone, portrait photograph. His father died when Sechele was 10, and two of his uncles divided the tribe, which forced Sechele to leave his home for nine years. Watercolour sketches and photos by John Kirk. Nonetheless, at a time when countries are being renamed and statues are being toppled, Livingstone has not fallen. Rhodesia has long since purged its name, but the cities of Livingstone (Zambia) and Livingstonia (Malawi) keep the explorer's appellation with pride. The book included his field science, and exceptionally sympathetic descriptions of African people. He got horrified in the way slaves were handled at Jumbe's stockade and he described it as" a place of bloodshed and lawlessness". [55], The year 1869 began with Livingstone finding himself extremely ill while in the jungle. In Africa, he established mission clinics and did what he could to fight the barbarity of slave trade. in Adrian S. Wisnicki and Megan Ward, eds. On November 20, 1840, he was ordained as a missionary; he set sail for South Africa at the end of the year and arrived at Cape Town on March 14, 1841. Em 1834, perante os apelos da Igreja Presbiteriana, que queria mandar missionrios para a China, decidiu preparar-se para assumir essa funo. For the first time, he met their daughter Mary, who had been born and brought up in Africa. I was a collegiate gymnast and to this day continue to enjoy not only the mental challenge of sports, but the friendly . "Exploring Africa in the Nordic Press: David Livingstone, Henry Stanley and the Popular Fascination with Exploration and Adventure in Africa in the Late 19th Century." 415.383.0898 david@davidduncanlivingston.com Only a few months later Sechele lapsed. The Zambezi Expedition was castigated as a failure in many newspapers of the time, and Livingstone experienced great difficulty in raising funds to further explore Africa. Galleries in Paris, San Francisco and Los Angeles showcase the evocative fine art photography by David D. Livingston. Freeman. [48], Livingstone was now a celebrity, in great demand as a public speaker, and was elected to the Royal Society. [46], While he negotiated with the government for his new position as Consul, the LMS thought that he would return to Africa with their mission to the Kololo in Barotseland, which Livingstone had promoted. (Colin Perkel/The Canadian Press) A top aide to former Ontario premier Dalton McGuinty was sentenced on. To enter medical school, he needed some knowledge of Latin, and was tutored by a local Roman Catholic man, Daniel Gallagher (later a priest, founder of St Simon's, Partick). [citation needed], Livingstone was wrong about the Nile, but he identified numerous geographical features for Western science, such as Lake Ngami, Lake Malawi, and Lake Bangweulu, in addition to Victoria Falls mentioned above. Your Miracle Is Here is available now for$10.00 (reg. A welcoming style, a natur Did you stand awhile and stare? [116] A later issue showed Livingstone against a background graphic of a map of Livingstone's Zambezi expedition, showing the River Zambezi, Victoria Falls, Lake Nyasa and Blantyre, Malawi; on the reverse, the African figures were replaced with an image of Livingstone's birthplace in Blantyre, Scotland.[117]. Author of. [65] Even Livingstone's account of this encounter does not mention these words. Also on the team: Blair Burke (general contractor); David Livingston (photographer) Breakfast Nooks 4: Justin Officer, original photo on Houzz 3. He was held in some esteem by many African chiefs and local people and his name facilitated relations between them and the British. In 1849 they crossed the Kalahari Desert and reached Lake Ngami. A striking large cabinet card portrait of the renowned African explorer, Dr. David Livingstone (1813 - 1873), obsessed with finding the source of the Nile and one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th century in the Victorian era. 1 deal -10% $5,200 Request pricing His fathers family was from the island of Ulva, off the west coast of Scotland. home - DAVID DUNCAN LIVINGSTON interior photography architecture photography fine art photography testimonials A master of his craft, beautiful photographs, down to every detail. [8], In 1860, the Universities' Mission to Central Africa was founded at his request. David Livingstone was born in Montreal in 1966 of a Jamaican-Canadian father (a school teacher) and French Canadian mother. Dissertations available from ProQuest. Neil Livingstone was a Sunday school teacher and teetotaller who handed out Christian tracts on his travels as a door-to-door tea salesman. https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Livingstone, Boston University - School of Theology - History of Missiology - Biography of David Livingstone, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - David Livingstone, Christianity Today - Christian History - David Livingstone, South African History Online - David Livingstone, Electric Scotland - Biography of David Livingston, Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of David Livingstone, David Livingstone - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), David Livingstone - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Please select which sections you would like to print: William Robertson Professor Emeritus of Commonwealth and American History, University of Edinburgh. "Interstitial Cartographer: David Livingstone and the Invention of South Central Africa". Livingston earned his bachelor's degree from Harvard College in 1961 and his medical degree from Tufts University School of Medicine in 1965 . in, Mkenda, Festo. David Livingstone Missionary-explorer of Africa " [I am] serving Christ when shooting a buffalo for my men or taking an observation, [even if some] will consider it not sufficiently or even at. $12.00) and can be ordered directly from our online store. Dr. David Livingstone was a Scottish missionary and explorer. 'One was a river. Sechele was now a part of the church, but he continued to act according to his African culture, which went against Livingstone's teachings. Guests of this hotel . Livingstone, Justin D. "Livingstones Life & Expeditions." [29], Lions often attacked herds of the Mabotsa villagers, on 16 February, Mebalwe and Livingstone joined them defending sheep. In 1861 the Colonial Office provided a new wooden paddle survey vessel, Pioneer, which took the Universities' Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) led by Bishop Charles MacKenzie up the Shire river to found a new mission. Neil's father, also Neil, had been a tenant farmer on the island of Ulva, off Mull, who in 1792 had left with his wife and seven children for the cotton mills of central . ", Rotberg, Robert I. My portrait photography transcends capturing an individuals likeness. Livingstone raised funds for a replacement river steamer, Lady Nyasa, specially designed to sail on Lake Nyasa. Vol. Livingston is a regular contributor to national and regional magazines of home design and architecture. I grew up in the Bay Area and San Francisco and most of the projects I shoot are based here. He has been the photographer of seven books on home design. u. verl. He had run out of writing paper and had nearly run out of ink, so he improvised the materials for his diary by writing over an old copy of The Standard newspaper with ink made from the seeds of a local berry. Upon finding the Lualaba River, Livingstone theorised that it could have been the high part of the Nile River; but realised that it in fact flowed into the River Congo at Upper Congo Lake. David Livingston. [37] I shoot these portraits on location in homes, offices and work environments. Whether Im working for magazines, small businesses, or corporations, I like to make the location essential to my portraiture photography. David Livingstone Secondary School in Ntabazinduna about 40km from. ABOUT DAVID I have been photographing for interior designers, architects, magazines & books for many years. Slave owners throughout history considered slaves subhuman animals. David Livingstone foi um pastor que nasceu em Blantyre, a sul de Glasgow, em 19 de maro de 1813. In the 1940 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon "Africa Squeaks", a caricature of Spencer Tracy as Henry Morton Stanley erroneously presumes Porky Pig to be Dr. Livingstone in the heart of "Darkest Africa". He had hoped to go to China for the London Missionary Society but due to a war there he decided to go to South Africa. [38][37], For this, Livingstone became famous as the first European to cross south-central Africa at that latitude and was hailed as having "opened up" Africa,[38] but there was already a long-established trans-regional network of trade routes. The LivingstoneStanley Monument in Mugere (present-day Burundi) marks a spot that Livingstone and Stanley visited on their exploration of Lake Tanganyika, mistaken by some as the first meeting place of the two explorers. [33], Livingstone was obliged to leave his first mission at Mabotsa in Botswana in 1845 after irreconcilable differences emerged between him and his fellow missionary, Rogers Edwards, and because the Bakgatla were proving indifferent to the Gospel. [27] He wrote to tell LMS secretary Arthur Tidman, saying he would be delighted to call Mabotsa "the centre of the sphere of my labours", but would try to hold himself "in readiness to go anywhere, provided it be forward". v. Sophus William, Berlin W. Summary Photograph of painting shows David Livingston, head-and-shoulders . Gooding, Philip. PH.D. F.S.A. He may have crossed sections of the headwaters of Nile on his final expedition but he would not have known so as these areas were not considered in the Nile watershed until much later. From September to late December he trekked 750 miles (1,210km) with the artisan missionary Roger Edwards, who had been at Kuruman since 1830 and had been told by Moffat to investigate potential for a new station. For these reasons, he accepted help and hospitality from 1867 onwards from Mohamad Bogharib and Mohamad bin Saleh (also known as "Mpamari"), traders who kept and traded in slaves, as he recounts in his journals. Biographer Tim Jeal considered this episode a major failing for Livingstone, and indicative of a pattern of putting his goals and career above the lives of those around him. in, Kilbride, Daniel. After he finally divorced the women, Livingstone baptised them all and everything went well. David Livingston is an American television producer and director. The Pioneer was delayed getting down to the coast to meet them, and there were further delays after it was found that the Bishop had died. Continuing eastward on November 3, Livingstone explored the Zambezi regions and reached Quelimane in Mozambique on May 20, 1856. In 1864 David Livingstone visited Nkhota kota again and met Jumbe. He brought the ships downriver in 1864 after the government ordered the recall of the expedition. He was previously married to Kristina Hayes. Instead, I build a personal brand through my imagery, ensuring the final product is a valuable marketing tool for my clients. Wildlife, Big Red Dress, Light Painting, Property and Events 190 peoplelike this 194 people follow this +599 9 694 8104 sunshineisonline@gmail.com Photographer Photos See all Page transparency See all Facebook is showing information to help you better understand the purpose of a Page. Stuart, John. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He has never failed me. For the next 15 years, Livingstone was constantly on the move into the African interior: strengthening his missionary determination; responding wholeheartedly to the delights of geographic discovery; clashing with the Boers and the Portuguese, whose treatment of the Africans he came to detest; and building for himself a remarkable reputation as a dedicated Christian, a courageous explorer, and a fervent antislavery advocate. Class of 2014. With his family safely in Scotland, Livingstone was ready to push Christianity, commerce, and civilizationthe trinity that he believed was destined to open up Africanorthward beyond the frontiers of South Africa and into the heart of the continent. If anything will advance the interests of the kingdom, it shall be given away or kept, only as by giving or keeping it I shall promote the glory of Him to whom I owe all my hopes in time and eternity."[85]. Blending perfectly within the lush surrounds of the Zambezi River bank, aha The David Livingstone Safari Lodge & Spa offers 5-star Victoria Falls accommodation nearby this impressive natural wonder of the world. There were also tensions between artisan missionaries engaged for lay expertise, and ordained missionaries. c 80, C. A. Baker, "The Development of the Administration to 1897", in. [60][59], The massacre horrified Livingstone, leaving him too shattered to continue his mission to find the source of the Nile. DEAR FRIENDS, STATEMENT FROM STATE SENATOR DAVID LIVINGSTON. MA, LMFT. In 1834 an appeal by British and American churches for qualified medical missionaries in China made Livingstone determined to pursue that profession. [56] In March 1869, Livingstone suffered from pneumonia and arrived in Ujiji to find his supplies stolen. [19] On 20 November 1840 Livingstone was ordained a minister of the church, as was another missionary to South Africa, William Ross, in a service at the Albion Chapel, Finsbury. Schumaker, Lynette Louise, "The lion in the path: Fieldwork and culture in the history of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 1937-1964" (1994). [3] He had a mythic status that operated on a number of interconnected levels: Protestant missionary martyr, working-class "rags-to-riches" inspirational story, scientific investigator and explorer, imperial reformer, anti-slavery crusader, and advocate of British commercial and colonial expansion. This monotonous work was necessary to support his impoverished family, but it taught him persistence, endurance, and a natural empathy with all who labour, as expressed by lines that he used to hum from the egalitarian Rabbie Burns song: "When man to man, the world o'er/Shall brothers be for a' that".[a]. [35], To improve his Tswana language skills and find locations to set up mission stations, Livingstone made journeys far to the north of Kolobeng with William Cotton Oswell. He gained public backing for his plans, and raised finances for his next expedition by public subscription, as well as 5,000 from the government to investigate the potential for British trade via the Zambezi. Artist Thomas Baines was dismissed from the expedition. Patents by Inventor David Livingston David Livingston has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. [41][pagesneeded], After Livingstone left the Kwena tribe, Sechele remained faithful to Christianity and led missionaries to surrounding tribes as well as converting nearly his entire Kwena people. Transmission latency leveling apparatuses, methods and systems . 2023 DAVID DUNCAN LIVINGSTON. David D. Livingstons fine art photographs are printed in a limited edition of 10 on 100% archival rag paper and using state of the art technology. [69]:20, Sechele was no different from any other man of his tribe in believing in polygamy. All rights reserved. Livingstone returned to England on December 9, 1856, a national hero. David Livingston is known for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993), Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987) and Star Trek: Voyager (1995). In June 1843, Edwards got LMS approval to set up a mission station with his wife at Mabotsa. My goal is not only to capture my client with positive, open expressions, that are welcoming to the viewer alike, but to allow their creative identity and personality show through in each image. He opened up Central Africa to missionaries who initiated the education and healthcare for Africans, and trade by the African Lakes Company. It was shipped out in sections, contrary to his request, with a mission party including Mary Livingstone, and arrived in 1862. David Duncan Livingston Photographer of Interiors, Architecture & Product in San Francisco Bay Area & Beyond Mill Valley, California, United States 2K followers 500+ connections Join to. His diary noted "Dugumbe's men murdering Kimburu and another for slaves" and implied that the slave Manilla played a leading part, but looking back at the events, he says Dugumb's people bore responsibility, and started it to make an example of Manilla. Morrill, Leslie, and Madge Haines (1959). By this time he had acquired those characteristics of mind and body that were to fit him for his African career. David Gray | The News Andre Redditt, 27 Photo from Livingston Parish Sheriff's Office A St. Gabriel police officer accused of breaking into a home and fatally shooting a Denham Springs man just. On 2 July 1839 he wrote to the LMS directors that the West Indies was by then well served by doctors, and he had always been attracted to other parts of the world rather than a settled pastorate. (1911). Excellent. September 22, 2017. When Pioneer returned to Shupanga in December 1862, they paid (in cloth) their "Mazaro men" who left and engaged replacements. He applied to the LMS in October 1837, and in January was sent questions which he answered. The Kwena tribe leader kept rainmaking a part of his life as well as polygamy. None of the routes traveled on the Nile which lay far to the north. Rea, W. F. "Livingstone's Rhodesian Legacy. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Sechele was born in 1812. [81][82], By the late 1860s Livingstone's reputation in Europe had suffered owing to the failure of the missions he set up, and of the Zambezi Expedition; and his ideas about the source of the Nile were not supported. A man who tried spearing it was attacked just before it dropped dead. As a medical doctor he treated the sick, earning him the necessary. Born on March 19, 1813, in Blantyre, Scotland Livingstone and his six siblings were all raised in a single room in a tenement building that housed the families of employees of the local cotton . David received a Bachelor's degree from Princeton University and a Doctor of Jurisprudence from The University of Texas School . Portrait photography for editorial media, firm marketing and the unlimited uses of social media now take on softer and more welcoming and engaging viewpoints. [76], The expedition led by Chuma and Susi then carried the rest of his remains, together with his last journal and belongings, on a journey that took 63 days to the coastal town of Bagamoyo, a distance exceeding 1,000 miles (1,600km). This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). David Livingstone Memorial Church of the Church of Scotland in Blantyre. He was originally shown surrounded by palm tree leaves with an illustration of African tribesmen on the back. Pearl offloaded their supplies on an island about 40 miles (64km) upstream. Doubtful if I live to see you again"[62][63]. We specialize in children and family portraits but also love to do just about anything - including senior portraits, large. Art direction elements involve selecting the location of the portrait and helping with wardrobe selection, ultimately making it all look effortless. Updates? [36] He heard of a river which could potentially become a "Highway" to the coast, and in August 1851 they reached the Zambezi which he hoped would be a "key to the Interior". His life was saved by Mebalwe diverting its attention by trying to shoot the lion. Livingstone had suffered over thirty attacks during his previous journey but had understated his suffering and overstated the quality of the land they would find, and the missionaries set out for the marshy region with wholly inadequate supplies of quinine. Certified Brain Health Coach - Amen Clinics . His arm healed, enabling him to shoot and lift heavy weights, though it remained a source of much suffering for the rest of his life, and he was not able to lift the arm higher than his shoulder.
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